What is 3G?
When 3G networks started rolling
out, they replaced the 2G system, a network protocol that only allowed the most
basic of what we would now call smartphone functionality. Most 2G networks
handled phone calls, basic text messaging, and small amounts of data over a
protocol called MMS. With the introduction of 3G connectivity, a number of
larger data formats became much more accessible, including standard HTML pages,
videos, and music. The speeds were still pretty slow, and mostly required pages
and data specially formatted for these slower wireless connections. By 2G
standards, the new protocol was speedy, but still didn’t come anywhere close to
replacing a home broadband connection.
What is4G?
The ITU-R set standards for 4G
connectivity in March of 2008, requiring all services described as 4G to adhere
to a set of speed and connection standards. For mobile use, including
smartphones and tablets, connection speeds need to have a peak of at least 100
megabits per second, and for more stationary uses such as mobile hotspots, at
least 1 gigabit per second.
When these standards were
announced, these speeds were unheard of in the practical world, because they
were intended as a target for technology developers, a point in the future that
marked a significant jump over the current technology. Over time, the systems
that power these networks have caught up, not just in the sense that new
broadcasting methods have found their way into products, but the previously-established
3G networks have been improved to the point that they can be classified as 4G.
What is LTE?
LTE stands for Long Term Evolution, and isn’t as much a
technology as it is the path followed to achieve 4G speeds. As it stands, most
of the time when your phone displays the “4G” symbol in the upper right corner,
it doesn’t really mean it. When the ITU-R set the minimum speeds for 4G, they
were a bit unreachable, despite the amount of money tech manufacturers put into
achieving them. In response, the regulating body decided that LTE, the name
given to the technology used in pursuit of those standards, could be labeled as
4G if it provided a substantial improvement over the 3G technology.
Immediately networks began advertising their connections as 4G
LTE, a marketing technique that allowed them to claim next-gen connectivity
without having to reach the actual required number first; it would be like the
U.S. claiming they had landed on the moon because they got pretty close and the
spaceship that got them there was a lot better than the previous ship. It’s not
entirely trickery though, despite inconsistent speeds depending on location and
network, the difference between 3G and 4G is immediately noticeable.
Speed
So the real question is, can you feel a difference between 4G
and LTE networks? Is the speed of loading a page or downloading an app on your
handheld a lot faster if you have LTE technology built in? Probably not. While
the difference between slower 3G networks and new 4G or LTE networks is
certainly noticeably faster, most of the 4G and “true 4G” networks have upload
and download speeds that are almost identical. For now, LTE is the fastest
connection available for wireless networks.
Creating 4G connectivity requires two components: a network
that can support the necessary speeds, and a device that is able to connect to
that network and download information at high enough speed. Just because a
phone has 4G LTE connectivity inside doesn’t mean you can get the speeds you
want, in the same way that buying a car that can drive 200 MPH doesn’t mean you
can go that fast on a 55 MPH freeway.
Before carriers were able to truly offer LTE speeds in major
areas, they were selling phones that had the capabilities they would need to
reach the desired speeds, and afterwards started rolling out the service on a
limited scale. Now that LTE service is fairly widespread, this isn’t as much of
a problem, but if you don’t live in a major metropolitan area it’s worth
checking to make sure you actually need LTE service where you live and work. With
the rise in popularity, it’s uncommon for a provider to charge less if you
aren’t utilizing the LTE speeds on a regular basis, but you can save money by
picking up an older generation smartphone with only 3G or 4G connectivity.
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