Until the rise of the west, India was richest
country in the world. Such a country presented an irresistible target for the
revenging Mongols and their who settled in present day Afghanistan, Uzbekistan,
and Tajikistan all within comparatively easy reach of north-west India.
The Northwest was at this time a mish-mash of
warring kingdoms more interested in sending scores with their neighbors than in
unifying against the Mongols. It is then unsurprising that muhmud ghaznavi’s
armies so handily defeated those of the Indian kings.
Born in 971 AD mahmud ghaznavi was the eldest
son of subuktagin, the king of ghazni (in present days Afghanistan) when
subuktagin attacked king of jaipala of Punjab, muhmud fought for his father in
the battlefield.
Though mahmuad was the eldest son of his father
it is said that in his last days subuktagin was nit hally with mahmud so when
subuktagin died in 99t AD his younger son Ismail became the king of ghazni.
Ismail reigned only for a little time very soon mahmud defeated him and became
king.
Mahmud began a series of seventeen raids to
northwestern India at the end of the 10th century nonetheless he
did not attempt to rule Indian Territory
except for Punjab which was his gateway to India.
His first expedition was directed against for
frontier towns in 1000 AD
His second expedition was against jaipala the
hindushahi king of Punjab whom he defeated in the first battle of waihind
jaipala could not survive the shock of humiliation and he burn himself to death. He was succeeded by his son
andapala in 1002 AD.
In his sixth expedition. Mahmud defeated
andapala in the II Battle of waihind (1008) Andapala had Organized a confederacy
of rulers uijain , Gwalior, kalimjar,
kannuj,
Delhi and ajmer but the alliance was defeated.
In his other expeditions, Mahmud plundered Nagarkot
Thaneshwar, kannauj, mathura and somanth.
After looting the somanth temple, when Mahmud
was going back to ghazni the Jats had attacked his army. So to punish the Jats
he returned and defeated them in 1026.
The objective of Mahmud’s expeditions was to
plunder the riches of temples and places was not interested in expanding his
empire to India , However he later annexed Punjab and made it part of his kingdom, just have easy
access.
- He
portioned (Persian poet known as Homer of the east ) who wrote sahnama
- Alberuni
( a brilliant scholar from Central Asia) who wrote Tahqiq-I-Hind.
- Utbi
(Court Historian ), who wrote Kitab-ud-yamni.
History of Somnath Temple Gujarat
The Somanth Temple located in the Kathiarwar
region of Gujarat is one twelve jyotirings (golden lingas) symbols of the God
Shiva. It is Mentioned in the Rig Veda Somath mean “Then protector of the moon
God”. It is known as the Shrine Eternal as although the temple has been
destroyed six times it has been rebuilt every single time.
The fist temple
of somanth is said to have existed before the beginning of the Christian
Era. The Second temple built bu the Maitraka Kings of Vallabhi in Gujarat
replaced the first one on the same site around 649 AD in 725 junayad , the Arsb governor of Sind sent
his armies to destroy the second temple
The pratihara king Nagabhata II constructed the
third in 815 AD a large structure of red
stone sandstone. Mahmud of Ghazni attacked this in 1025 AD and looted it of gems
and precious Stones. He then Massacred the worshipers and
had the temple burnt, it was then that the famous Shiva lingam of the
temple was entirely destroyed
The temple and Citadel were sacked and most of
its Defenders massacred, Mahmud
personally Hammered the temple’s glided in to pieces and the stone fragments were
carted back to Ghazni, where they were incorporated into the steps of the City’s
new Jamiah Masjid.
The fourth was built by the paramara king Bhoj
of Malwa and the Solanki king Bhima of Gujarat between 1026AD and 1042AD. The
wooden structures was replaced by kumarpal
who built the temple of stone. The temple was razed in 1297 when the sultanate of Delhi conquered
Gujarat and again in 1394 AD. The Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb destroyed the temple
again in 1706 Ad.
The present temple is the seventh temple built
on the original site. It was complete on December 1, 1995 and then president of
India Dr.Shankar Dayal sharma dedicated it in the service the nation. The
present temple was built by the Shree Somnath Trust looks after the entire complex of shree somnath and its
environs.
Source : winentrance.com
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